![]() In addition, Criterion A1, “exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence” (ie, directly experiencing the traumatic event), has been narrowed and refined, and in DSM-5 no longer includes the death of family or a close friend due to natural causes. Instead, DSM-5 focuses more on the behavioral and affective symptoms and subjective reactions, while important to address in treatment, are not part of the diagnostic criteria. This criterion has been problematic for many of us who treat PTSD, especially for young children who may not be able to recall or describe their subjective reaction to a traumatic event. Perhaps more clinically pertinent is the removal of criterion A2, which in DSM-IV specified a subjective reaction of intense fear, helplessness, or horror (in children, this could have been disorganization or agitation). The biggest structural change is the removal of PTSD from the anxiety disorder section and its inclusion in a new section on trauma and stressor-related disorders. Here, we will review the changes to the diagnosis of PTSD in DSM-5, with a focus on those specific to children and adolescents. It wasn’t until the publication of DSM-III-R in 1987 that we recognized in a formal way that some children go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, throughout history, most people didn’t believe that children experienced lasting psychic trauma as a result of these events. The CATS-2 is a license-free instrument and is freely accessible.Unfortunately, children are exposed to traumatic events-isolated ones such as natural disasters or serious accidents, and recurring traumas such as domestic violence and sexual abuse.International validation has proven good psychometric properties and presents cut-off scores.The CATS-2 captures DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for PTSD and CPTSD and enables clinicians and researchers to crosswalk between both diagnostic systems.The CATS-2 screens for potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and PTSD symptoms.The CATS-2 is a brief, reliable and valid measure of DSM-5 PTSD, ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptomatology in traumatized children and adolescents, allowing crosswalk between diagnostic systems using one measure. For the ICD-11 PTSD scale scores of ≥7 (screening) to ≥9 (diagnostic) were optimally efficient for detecting probable DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. ROC-analysis using the CAPS-CA-5 as outcome revealed that CATS-2 DSM-5 PTSD scores of ≥21 (screening) to ≥25 (diagnostic) were optimally efficient for detecting probable DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. ![]() Latent profile analyses revealed that ICD-11 CPTSD was empirically distinguishable from ICD-11 PTSD using the CATS-2. The latent structure of the 12-item ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD construct was consistent with prior findings. 87) have proven acceptable to excellent reliability. 79) and the ICD-11 CPTSD total score (self: α =. ![]() 91), the ICD-11 PTSD total score (self: α =. We examined the internal consistency (α), convergent and discriminant validity, the factor structure of the CATS-2 total scores, latent classes of PTSD/Complex PTSD (CPTSD) discrimination, as well as the diagnostic utility using ROC-curves. Psychometric properties were investigated in an international sample of traumatized children and adolescents (N = 283) and their caregivers (N = 255). The study examined the psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) as a measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to DSM-5 and (Complex) PTSD following the ICD-11 criteria in children and adolescents (7–17 years).
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